1. 서론
2. 해외의 하천유지유량과 환경유량
Table 1
◦Dyson, Bergkamp & Scanlon (2003) in the IUCN guide on environmental flows define the concept as the water regime provided within a river, wetland or coastal zone to maintain ecosystems and their benefits where there are competing water uses and where flows are regulated. ◦The 4th International Ecohydraulics Symposium defined environmental flows as the water that is left in a river system, or released into it, to manage the health of the channel, banks, wetland, flood plains or estuary. ◦Arthington & Pusey (2003) define the objective of environmental flows as maintaining or partially restoring important characteristics of the natural flow regime (ie. the quantity, frequency, timing and duration of flow events, rates of change and predictability/variability) required to maintain or restore the biophysical components and ecological processes of in-stream and ground water systems, flood plains and downstream receiving waters. ◦Tharme (2003) defines an environmental flow assessment (EFA) as an assessment of how much of the original flow regime of a river should continue to flow down it and onto its flood plains in order to maintain specified, valued features of the ecosystem. ◦IWMI (2004) defines environmental flows as the provision of water for freshwater dependent ecosystems to maintain their integrity, productivity, services and benefits in cases when such ecosystems are subject to flow regulation and competition from multiple water users. ◦Hirji & Panella (2003) define an environmental flow as an allocation of water with a prescribed distribution in space and time that is deliberately left in a river, or released into it to manage river health and the integrity of ecosystems sustained by the river flows. ◦Brown and King (2003) state that environmental flows is a comprehensive term that encompasses all components of the river, is dynamic over time, takes cognizance of the need for natural flow variability, and addresses social and economic issues as well as biophysical ones. |