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| Assessment of Physical Properties and Fire Suppression Ability of Wildfire Foam |
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| Assessment of Physical Properties and Fire Suppression Ability of Wildfire Foam |
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Dong hyun Kim, Ji hee Lee |
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| Abstract |
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Assessment of wildfire agents should consider their physical properties and effects on chemical composition and fire suppression ability. In this study, five candidate foam agents most widely used in the USA (2 Foams), South Korea (2 Foams), and Japan (1 Foam) were evaluated according to: 1) physical properties, such as pH, viscosity, freezing, ignition, specific gravity, surface tension, foam properties, metal corrosion, and accelerated aging; and 2) suppression ability, measured as the time and amount of chemical needed to extinguish a fire. From this analysis, we found that Miracle Foam hardened to a solid state during the test of physical properties and exceeded all criteria for viscosity, surface tension, and specific gravity. In terms of fire-extinguishing capacity, all five products were superior to water, and some exceeded the performance of water by a factor of more than three. Miracle Foam (Japan) hardened to a solid state during the test of physical properties and was thus deemed unsuitable as a fire fighting product; due to the observed hardening, its specific gravity could not be measured. All five products were superior to water in terms of fire-fighting ability, and some exceeded the performance of water by a factor of more than three. Therefore, wildfire foam needs a regulation for test methods and tolerance limits of their properties and fire suppression ability in the near future. |
| Key Words:
fire fighting chemicals; fire suppression ability; foam properties; fire test; property test |
| 요지 |
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산불진화 소화약제 평가에 있어서는 화학구성물질에 대한 물리적 특성과 화재진화능력의 효과에 대해 고려해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 미국(2개 포소화약제), 한국(2개 포소화약제), 일본(1개 포소화약제)에서 널리 사용되고 있는 5가지 산불진화용 포소화약제에 대한 1) 물리적 특성 pH, 점성, 어는점, 인화, 비중, 표면장력, 포특성, 금속부식 그리고 내후성 시험, 2) 화재를 진화하는데 소요되는 시간과 소화약제량에 대한 진화능력시험에 대해 평가하였다. 시험대상 소화약제중 Miracle Foam은 물리적 특성시험 동안 경화현상이 나타나 점성, 표면장력 그리고 비중에 대한 모든 기준을 초과하였다. Miracle Foam(Japan)은 물리적 경화현상이 발생하여 화재진화에 적합한 제품이 아닌 것으로 평가되었다. 산불진화용 포소화약제 5가지 모두 진화능력에서 물보다 나은 효과를 보였고 일부 소화약제는 3배 이상의 소화효과를 보였다. 결론적으로 향후, 산불진화용 포 소화약제에 대한 물리적 특성 시험에 대한 방법과 소화능력시험 그리고 허용기준에 대한 규정이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. |
| 핵심용어:
산불진화; 진화용포소화약제; 진화효과; 포소화약제특성; 화재시험; 물리적 특성 |
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