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Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 2015;15(1):195-205.
Published online February 28, 2015.
A Study on the Characteristics of Smoke Control Using Mechanical Ventilation with or without Lower Part Opening in a Large Scale Space
A Study on the Characteristics of Smoke Control Using Mechanical Ventilation with or without Lower Part Opening in a Large Scale Space
Hyeon-don Ju
Abstract
Smoke control systems of an atrium keep occupants safe from smoke generated during unwanted fires. Smoke controls in large spaces are achieved by mechanical ventilation in the upper layer of two-zone layer. The objective of this study are to study the mechanical ventilation with or without the lower opening of the atrium, to predict the smoke layer heights according to the mass outflow rates through the upper opening supplied by fan, and to predict the steady-state smoke layer height. The steady-state smoke layer heights are analyzed by FDS. And the parts of results analyzed by FDS are compared with the experimental results performed by Yamana and Tanaka. The smoke mechanical ventilation for the mass outflow directing into the outside from the atrium by fan without the lower opening was superior to the smoke ventilation with the lower opening. And the effect of the exhaust fan start-up time was small when the lower opening was closed. And in the mechanical venting system with a lower opening it is surely not to increase the smoke exhaustion efficiency at the upper part of the atrium by increasing the mechanical power of the fan.
Key Words: Atrium; Pressurization; Smoke control; Mechanical exhaust; exhaust fan start-up time
요지
아트리움의 제연시스템은 예기치 못한 화재가 발생할 경우에 생성되는 연기로부터 거주자를 안전하게 보호하는 기능을 한다. 본 논문의 목적은 아트리움의 하부 개구부의 유무에 따른 기계 제연을 연구하고, 나아가 팬에 의하여 정상상태일 때 연기 층의 높이를 예상하는데 있다. 또한 FDS 소프트웨어에 의해 정상상태의 연기층의 높이를 해석하였다. 그리고 FDS에 의해 해석된 일부 결과들은 Yamana와 Tanaka 등에 의해 수행된 실험결과들과 비교 검토하였다. 본 연구에 의해서 하부 개구부가 없는 아트리움 기계제연 방식이 하부 개구부에서 찬공기가 들어오는 기계제연방식보다 우수한 제연 효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 하부 개구부가 닫혀 있을 때 상부팬의 작동시간의 효과는 작다는 것을 알았다. 그리고 하부 개구부가 있을 경우에는 아트리움 상부에 있는 팬 출력증가에 의한 배연 효율의 증가는 확실히 없다는 것을 알았다.
핵심용어: 아트리움; 가압; 연기제어; 기계환기; 배기 팬 가동시간


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