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Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 2012;12(5):1-6.
Published online October 31, 2012.
건축물 외벽 마감재료의 수직화재 확산에 관한 실험적 연구
권오상, 유용호, 김흥열, 민세홍
Experimental Study of Vertical Fire Spread of Exterior Wall Finishing Materials
Oh Sang Kweon, Yong Ho Yoo, Heung Youl Kim, Se Hong Min
Abstract
In this study, we have analyzed the full scale fire test from the fire accidents of finishing materials on the external wall of the buildings, and conducted the vertical fire experiment of finishing materials on the external wall of the buildings. As the ISO 13785-2 fire test, a international test standard, has been judged to be most appropriate as the test method that could figure out the fire performance of finishing materials on the external wall with the effect of external flame break-out due to the fire in the unit compartment among the real scale fire test methods, we have built up the experimental equipment for the full scale vertical fire experiment of finishing materials on the external wall of the buildings. As a result of the full scale vertical fire experiment, the fire has been spreaded up to 4m upwards within about 2 minutes at the point of 5 minutes when the external flame break-out was at maximum. The temperature was recorded as $897.7-987.7^{circ}C$, and the test result showed that general aluminum composite panel was vulnerable against spread of the vertical fire on the openings due to external flame break-out.
Key Words: Finishing materials on external wall; Spread of vertical fire; Real scale fire test; ISO 13785-2 fire test
요지
본 연구에서는 건축물 외벽 마감재료의 화재 사고에 대한 안전성을 확보하기 위해 국내외의 실규모 화재 시험법에 대하여 분석하고 이에 따른 건축물 외벽 마감재료의 실대형 수직화재 실험을 실시하였다. 건축물 외벽 마감재료에 대한 실물화재 실험법 중에서 단위 구획실 화재에 의한 외부 화염 출화의 영향으로 외벽 마감재료의 화재 성능을 확인할 수 있는 시험법은 국제시험 규격인 ISO 13785-2 화재 시험법이 가장 적절하다고 판단되어 ISO 13785-2 화재 시험법에 의한 실대형의 실물 화재실험 장비 구축 및 일반 알루미늄 복합패널의 실대형 수직화재 실험을 실시하였다. 실대형 수직화재 실험 결과, 외부 화염 출화가 최고가 되는 시험 시작 5분을 시점으로 약 2분 안에 상부 4 m 지점까지 확대되었다. 온도는 $897.7{sim}987.7^{circ}C$로 측정되었으며 실험결과는 일반 알루미늄 복합패널이 개구부의 외부 화염 출화에 의한 수직화재 확산에 취약함을 나타내었다.
핵심용어: 외벽 마감재료; 수직 화재 확산; 실물 화재시험; ISO 13785-2 시험
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